Twenty-three states have legalized the use of cannabis for those who suffer from medical conditions like arthritis, migraines, AIDS, cancer, and psychiatric illnesses. Yes, even post-traumatic stress disorder makes the list, which means, if you are among the 7.7 million people who suffer from symptoms, you’re in luck. It appears that scientists agree cannabis may be just what you need to alleviate your anxiety related to PTSD. Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center have found a connection between the human brain’s cannabinoid receptors, called CB1, and PTSD. These receptors are linked to an intricate internal engine of chemicals and neurological pathways called the endocannabinoid system, which affects our emotions, appetite, pain tolerance, and memory. Studies have been conducted on animals, showing that cannabis, together with naturally occurring chemicals in the body, stimulate CB1 receptors and interfere with memory.

Physicians at the NYU School of Medicine conducted brain scans on people with PTSD and found that they had lower levels of a certain endocannabinoid than those without PTSD. With this knowledge, not only can they better diagnose individuals with PTSD, they can treat them with a something that works, rather than antidepressants, which don’t always work. Studies have shown that those who take antidepressants continue to suffer from nightmares, flashbacks, night sweats, and poor sleep. But those who were administered a synthetic form of cannabis experienced significantly less intense nightmares, or no further nightmares at all. http://www.newswise.com/articles/brain-imaging-study-links-cannabinoid-receptors-to-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-findings-bring-first-pharmaceutical-treatment-for-ptsd-within-reach http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00071.x/full

So, for those of you who are looking for an alternative to Paxil, Zoloft, Prozac, or any of the other alphabet soup of drugs on the market that claim to create a Zen-balance among the sea of moody chemicals sloshing around in your brain, science is on your side. And there’s good news for those living in Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, New Mexico, Oregon, Nevada, or Michigan – they allow the use of cannabis to help alleviate PTSD symptoms. Arizona recently authorized the use of cannabis use for PTSD – the provision goes into effect January 1, 2015. http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/politics/2014/07/09/medical-marijuana-can-treat-ptsd-arizona-official-decides/12418673/

Each state’s guidelines are different, but here’s the basic rub: You need to have documentation from a “certifying” physician who can attest that you suffer from “debilitating” symptoms that interfere with your ability to carry out “activities of daily living.” http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000881

Because traumatic brain injuries are the result of a trauma, it’s common for TBI survivors to also suffer from PTSD. But differentiating the cause of symptoms can be challenging. Depression, anxiety, cognitive difficulties, and fatigue are common to both. But PTSD is a mental condition, whereas TBI is a neurological condition.

In TBIs, individuals may experience retrograde amnesia: memory loss of events – usually recent ones – that occurred prior to the injury. Before the elderly driver ran into me at the Santa Monica Farmers’ Market, I recall holding a peach, then nothing else, until I woke up in the emergency room more than an hour later. Even then, my memory is spotty. In PTSD, people are haunted by intrusive thoughts and memories of the trauma. Even though I do not remember the accident, I have been haunted by thoughts of the gruesome scene. Imagination is powerful.

Fatigue is a hallmark feature of TBIs. The brain tires easily, and therefore must work harder to process information. When I’m exposed to too much stimuli – chatter, whining children, and bright lights – I feel as if my head is stuffed with cotton. In PTSD, hyper-vigilance keeps people awake (see Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Re-Wired Brain). In anticipation of nightmares, they may be afraid to fall asleep. So my TBI causes my brain to work over-time, and the nightmares I still experience startle me awake, keep me awake, draining what little fuel is remaining in my brain.

In TBIs, there may be damage to the frontal lobe – the area of the brain that controls emotions and personality, so emotional swings are not uncommon. In the few years after my injury, I found that I was more irritable and cried for no apparent reason: when washing the dishes, or standing in line at the bank. Emotional numbness is more common in PTSD. People may no longer be interested activities they once enjoyed. I recall days when it took a Herculean effort just to get out of bed and dressed for the day – sometimes it still does.

About fifty percent of those with TBIs suffer from depression. Compare that to the approximately seven percent among the general adult population. Depression is also common in those with PTSD, particularly war veterans, but since they want to avoid the stigma of mental illness, they hesitate to report symptoms and refrain from talking about the trauma at all.

Since PTSD is an anxiety disorder it’s natural for people to experience heightened stress, especially when reminded of the trauma. But in TBIs, people appear unmotivated when the truth is they lack the ability to initiate activities. I may seem lazy because I don’t cook and rarely food shop, but that’s because my TBI presents with the inability to make decisions – which kind of pasta to buy, or what to cook for dinner.

Given the overlapping of symptoms between a TBI and PTSD, neither one fits squarely on its own shelf. But I suppose that’s the way it goes with most things.

http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-numbers-count-mental-disorders-in-america/index.shtml

http://www.brainlinemilitary.org/content/2013/03/tbi-and-ptsd-navigating-the-perfect-storm_pageall.html

How exactly does EMDR work? Francis Shapiro, who discovered the treatment, explains it through the theory of the “Adaptive Information Processing Model.” The theory sounds metaphysical, but it’s not. The assumption is that all individuals have an information processing system, which takes our experiences and stores them in a section of our memories that is easily accessible. These experiences are connected to particular images, emotions, sensations, and beliefs.

Think of a computer. If you’re like me, you might have several folders filled with documents dotting your desktop, because you need the information to be readily available – at the click of the mouse. One of those folders might hold information that reminds you of something that evokes negative feelings. For instance, a folder has photos of your deceased parents. Every time you turn on the computer, you see the folder, and images of your parents fighting in front of you when you were a child return. You hear them screaming at one another, one of them saying, “I wish I never had children.” Each time you drag the folder into another one, so you won’t see it, the folder bounces back onto the desktop. Your computer is malfunctioning, so you need to take it to a computer geek.

Of course, we are not computers; we are human beings. Yet, our brains are very much like computers. In PTSD, the trauma – the negative images, emotions, and thoughts – are stuck in the easily accessible part of the brain. The processing system in our brains is working ineffectively, so each time something triggers memories of the trauma, like a car backfiring, you exhibit PTSD symptoms, such as panic. EMDR helps transfer the trauma and related images from your brain’s desktop into the part of the brain, or folder, that effectively processes the event.

When I speak to others about EMDR, they shirk from me, as if suspicious – maybe I’m looking to recruit them into a cult. But EMDR is not a cult at all, I promise.